Sample for Meeting Minutes

Minutes of Meeting of Events Organizer Team Date: 1 Nov 2012 Time: 12: 00 p. m. Scene: Bilik Kuliah 2, PBPI Present: 1. Phang Yuen Jun 2. Juani Eyat Juleng 3. Tiang Leh Mei 4. Tan Hooi Gia 5. Kanagah A/P Raman 6. Siti Fatimah Abduh Razak 7. Yap Paul Yin 8. Sam Chee Xin In participation: Madam Nadiah bt Zainal Abidin 1. 0 Objective Determination The group examined about the targets and occasion to be held. Subsequently, the group chose to arrange another year celebration for 2013. 2. 1 Event Description Title: 2013 New Year Celebration Party Objectives: To celebrate and invite the new year with UTeM huge family and the network * To advance the communication between UTeM residents and non-UTeM residents * To elevate and acquaint UTeM with the network Venue: Main Hall, Main Campus, UTeM Attendee: Anyone (Al l UteM Citizens and outcasts) 2. 0 Roles Distribution in the Team The jobs of the group were resolved by individual’s ability and team’s understanding. The jobs dissemi nation is as underneath: Chairman: Siti Fatimah Abduh Razak Secretary: Tiang Leh Mei Treasurer: Tan Hooi Gia Food and refreshment: Juani Eyat Juleng (choose the menu)Set Designer: Phang Yuen Jun Event Planner: Kanagah A/P Raman Publicity: Sam Chee Xin Sponsorship: Yap Paul Yin 3. 0 Other things to be examined and chosen The director requested that the colleagues do explore on their individual role’s comparing assignments. For the coming gathering, every one of the individuals can propose their arrangement for the food menu, set plan, occasions and exposure. They have to anticipate the spending plan for each related field as well. 4. 0 Date of next gathering The following gathering will be planned on eighth Nov 2012, 11am at Bilik Kuliah 2, PBPI. 5. 0 Closing addressThe administrator summed up the choice made in the gathering and expressed gratitude toward the guide and the colleagues for having commited themselves to the venture. The gathering was deferred at 1:00 p. m. UTeM Events Organizer Team-2013 New Year Celebration Party AGENDA Date: eighth Nov 2012 Time: 11:00 a. m. Scene: Bilik Kuliah 2, PBPI Order of business: 1. Chairman’s address 2. Minutes of the past gathering 3. Matters emerging out of the minutes 4. Reports from each sub-panels: * Food and refreshment * Set Designer * Event Planner * Publicity * Treasurer * Sponsorship 5. Uncommon business 6. Some other business 7. Date, time and spot of next gathering 8. Close

The Miranda Warning :: essays research papers

The Miranda Warning For as far back as decade, many Right Wing associations have sort to change a large number of the laws, administering our privileges and opportunity. These laws were passed by congress and maintained by the Supreme Court. The Miranda Warning is one of these laws. The Miranda Warning is proposed to secure the liable just as the blameless and ought to be ensured no matter what. Without the law, numerous suspects might be dealt with unjustifiably. It is a vital defend.      Miranda is a decision which says that the denounced reserve the privilege to stay quiet and investigators may not utilize explanations made by them while in police authority, except if the police counsel them of their privileges. At the end of the day, a cop must advise a suspect regarding this major right, under the Fifth Amendment, at the hour of their capture or potentially cross examination. Miranda shield uninformed suspects from implicating themselves.      Miranda likewise shields suspects from overeager cops. Albeit most law-requirement operators in the United States are good people, some maltreatment their capacity. They may attempt to force suspects into giving bogus admissions. On numerous occasions, we read of situations where suspects had to make admissions in light of the fact that an exuberant or preferential cops need to close a case. The narrative of Rubin Hurricane Carter, made well known by the movie of a similar name, exhibited how lives could be demolished when malignant and controlling criminologists misuse their capacity. The Miranda Warning helps hold maltreatment in line. On the off chance that the law is utilized effectively, the blameworthy would get their due discipline. At the point when cops educate suspects regarding their privileges before cross examination, it is impossible that the appointed authority directing any case would toss out proclamations made during addressing.      Many high positioning law requirement specialists around the nation bolster the Miranda Warning standard since it is an important shield; it helps and doesn't thwarts the legal procedure. William J. Bratton previous police official for the New York City Police Department stated, "Miranda works at an insignificant social expense. The Supreme Court ought to reaffirm a choice that has served this nation well." I accept that the Miranda cautioning ensures all residents, liable and guiltless, casualty and culprit, from deceitful officials. The law was intended to safeguard that the announcement given is deliberate and not removed forcibly or intimidation. Numerous courts including the Supreme Court have settled on a great many choices utilizing the Miranda deciding with no sign that the law was unlawful or advantage crooks.

Property law Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Property law - Case Study Example The primary drawbacks incorporate sharing of benefits among accomplices, has boundless liabilities, long procedure of dynamic because of contradictions ,and may have restricted life and may end upon death or withdrawal of one of the partners(Miller,Ragazzo,& Hamilton,2011). Enterprises If Betty chooses company as her type of business association, the favorable circumstances she is probably going to get are restricted risk to obligations and different commitments, it is simpler to gather assets for capital and costs, have consistent life, and simple exchange of corporate possession. The principle detriments incorporate numerous lawful and customs techniques that might be expensive and take long to finish, requires generally huge measure of money to begin, and long dynamic procedure since it includes numerous individuals bringing about conceivable outcomes of differences (Dore?,2003). Establishment Setting a business as an establishment offers the advantage of working it under the standard of a set up element thus upgraded security and emotionally supportive networks, working with a realized branch subsequently less cost associated with brand creation, and building up great business connections particularly with providers and leasers. The detriments of establishment incorporate restricted control of the business and how it is run on the grounds that the proprietors of the brand set out the procedures and rules in regards to the tasks of the establishment, attached to providers as one will be required to utilize the establishment provider organize, expanded danger of harming the notoriety of the business if other establishment meddle with the brand and decreased benefits as one will be required to pay the proprietors of the establishment for utilizing their brand(Miller,Ragazzo,& Hamilton,2011). Constrained risk Company The focal points incorporate restricted liabilities to commitments and obligations, adaptable dissemination of benefit, and adaptability i n the executives and dynamic procedure. The disservices incorporate restricted life and tumultuous procedures of legitimate and custom methodology (Dore?, 2003). Joint endeavor The upside of Betty framing a joint endeavor incorporate sharing of cost, access to pertinent ability, gain from creative administrative aptitudes and works on, spreading of dangers and a huge pool of capital. The impediments incorporate broad endeavors and time to make the correct relationship for association, awkwardness in the degrees of venture, mastery and resources contributed by accomplices, and contrasts in business destinations that may upset collaboration and mix (Miller,Ragazzo,& Hamilton,2011). As I would like to think, sole-ownership is the best alternative that Betty ought to consider while building up her business. Since she has a potential client base of Christians in her general vicinity and a wellspring of capital from her significant other, she should set up a sole ownership business si nce it is anything but difficult to begin, she will be the sole administrator of her business thus she can apply her Christian qualities when maintaining the business without obstruction from anybody, and since she is a developed Christian, she can undoubtedly pull in her kindred Christians to be her reliable clients and appreciate all the benefits alone (Jessup &Chipps, 1991). On the off chance that Betty picks

The Religion of the Founding Fathers and Voltaire - Literature Essay Samples

John Adams wrote in a letter to Thomas Jefferson: â€Å"The question before the human race is, whether the God of nature shall govern the world by his own laws, or whether priests and kings shall rule it by fictitious miracles† (Adams Institute of Early American History and Culture, 1988). Adams’ statement, affirming the existence of God but denying the plausibility of miracles, espouses the philosophy of Deism—a popular school of religious thought during the Enlightenment. Due to Deism’s popularity, many authors and philosophers of the Enlightenment era included aspects of this philosophy in their work. These works have endured the test of time and are constantly being studied and analyzed by scholars. Voltaire can be counted among the Enlightenment philosophers who have included Deism in their works. Elements of Deism found in Voltaires Candide had a lasting impact on the thought of the Founding Fathers of the United States, specifically an anti-cleric al tone, the ideas of reason over faith, and the affirmation of the existence of a Supreme Being.A brief background history of Deism is needed in order to thoroughly understand the significance of Candide’s impact on the Founding Fathers. Deism is the form of religion most associated with the Enlightenment. It originated in England between the 16th and 17th centuries, and remained prominent there until Voltaire brought the philosophy across the Channel to continental Europe in the early 18th century (Bristow, 2011). As can be seen, Deism as a philosophy spread as the Enlightenment traveled throughout the Western world. As such, the early colonists and Founding Fathers, being avid readers of Enlightenment philosophers including Voltaire and Rousseau, brought Deism to North America, where it remained popular throughout the 18th and early 19th centuries. Deism in America hit a peak in the year 1789 (Morais, 1932, p. 436). Considered to be a form of â€Å"natural religion,â₠¬  Deism holds that God created the Universe according to the natural laws of science that hold true even until today, rather than believing in a supernatural creation narrative such as recorded in Genesis (Bristow, 2011). This is noteworthy because this philosophical system allowed intellectuals of the time, such as Voltaire and Paine, to reconcile a belief in some form of God in spite of their overwhelming passion for reason. In addition, Deists believe that the God who created the Universe does not interfere with any natural processes on Earth. This ideology reconciles a belief in a Supreme Being with belief in scientific reasoning. As such, Deism generally rejects the concept of miracles along with any other supernatural occurrences, such as the divinity and resurrection of Jesus. Institutions such as the Priesthood, as well as any form of organized religion are denounced, since Deists prefer â€Å"natural revelation† of their God (Bristow, 2011). This disdain for organi zed, institutionalized religion shaped the Founding Father’s belief in the separation of church and state, as will be discussed later in this paper.One important aspect of Deism found in Candide is the presence of anti-clericalism. Deism, rejecting miracles and divine intercession, also rejects the need for clerics. As such, Voltaire often satirizes and mocks the clerics found in Candide. While this criticism is not limited to Christian clerics—Voltaire mocks Jewish rabbis and Muslim imams in Candide as well—the most inflammatory remarks are reserved for the hierarchy of the Roman Catholic Church, which will be discussed further. During Voltaire’s time, the Catholic Church was considered to be an oppressive and backwards institution, and this attitude permeates the rhetoric of Candide.A paramount example of anti-clericalism in Candide is the portrayal of Roman Catholic priests as blood-thirsty monsters. The priests are always shown wanting to punish diss ent, especially at the auto-da-fà © of Pangloss and Candide. In fact, Candide is punished for merely appearing that he agreed with Pangloss’ purported heresies. Throughout the novella, the Catholic hierarchy is shown to be intolerant and backwards. Voltaire complements this rhetoric in his Philosophical Dictionary: â€Å"When a priest says†¦ believe me, or you shall be burned; he is an assassin† (Voltaire, 1764/2012). Venomous language such as the above quote was commonplace during the Enlightenment, and the Founding Fathers wrote similar statements. Thomas Jefferson wrote in a letter to popular pastor Horatio Spafford: â€Å"In every country and every age, the priest has been hostile to liberty. He is always in alliance with the despot they have perverted the purest religion ever preached† (Jefferson Washington, 1854). It appears here that Jefferson is claiming that priests are antithetical to true worship of God, and that a priest is an enemy both to individual liberty and freedom of religion.Thomas Paine, an avid reader of Voltaire, (Morais, 1932) also wrote in his anthology Theological Works, Accustom a people to believe that priests and clergy can forgive sinsand you will have sins in abundance(Paine, 1859). Paine states his concern that a priesthood that can absolve a person of his sins can create a â€Å"moral hazard†, where men sin in excess because they know they can be forgiven. From this quote, it is apparent that prefers a religious system where men are held accountable for all their actions. Deism would indeed fit this paradigm.Voltaire also satirizes the clergy by connecting them to sexual impropriety. While many examples of this are evident, such as Cunegonde’s rape by both the Jewish Don Issachar and the Catholic Inquisator, the most robust example of this is the circumstances surrounding the birth of the Old Woman. Candide introduces the Old Woman as the daughter of the fictitious Pope Urban X. Creat ing a character who is the illegitimate child of the Pope would have been extremely risky for Voltaire, as the Pope is considered to be the holiest figure on Earth by most Catholics. Obviously, this was meant to make a statement on what Voltaire considered to be the sexual immorality of the Catholic Church. However, even he was not bold enough to give an existent Pope an illegitimate child (Beuchot Voltaire, 1829).The theme of an immoral priesthood was echoed by the Founding Fathers—especially Thomas Paine in The Age of Reason and Theological Works. Paine writes, â€Å"When a man has so far corrupted and prostituted the chastity of his mind†¦ He takes up the trade of a priest for the sake of gain† (Paine, 1859). As can be seen in the works of both Voltaire and Paine, rhetoric linking the priesthood to sexual immorality is rampant. Consequently, many of the Founding Fathers saw the Priesthood as an institution that was as diametrically opposed to liberty and equa lity as they were supportive of it. In addition to holding a primarily anti-clerical stance, Deists generally reject faith-based religion in favor of reason (Bristow, 2011). This extends into Voltaire’s work primarily through the rejection of Leibnizian optimism, which was a philosophical stance that held faith in God planning â€Å"the best of all possible worlds† even through times of hardship. Voltaire openly despised and condemned this philosophy, as it ran counter to reason and was based solely in blind faith on a â€Å"greater good.† In Candide, Voltaire mocks the idea of optimism primarily through satire. Master Pangloss, the primary Leibnizian philosopher in the novella is often the brunt of Candide’s humor. One of the opening quotes in the novella states, â€Å"Legs are visibly designed for stockings— and we have stockings† (Voltaire, 1759/2011, p. 9), along with Pangloss’ description of his Westphalian castle as â€Å"the b est of all possible castles† exemplifies the ludicrous nature of Leibnizian optimism. As the narrative progresses, Candide begins to question the veracity of blind faith as the narrative progresses, especially after all of the hardships that he and Cunegonde have experienced. He dejectedly tells Master Pangloss, Oh, Pangloss! Thou hast not guessed at this abomination; it is the end. I must at last renounce thy optimism (Voltaire, 1759/2011, p. 65). After being beat, raped, and nearly killed, Candide cannot comprehend how a rational mind can claim that all of these hardships are part of the â€Å"best of all possible worlds.† Voltaire himself mirrors Candide’s musings in his Philosophical Dictionary: â€Å"I beg of you, gentlemen, to explain to me how everything is for the best; for I do not understand it† (Voltaire, 1764/2012). Voltaire writes this because as an Enlightenment thinker, placing blind faith in an unknown ideal would have appeared odd and irr ational.In fact, in Candide, Voltaire gives his own conceptualization of how he believes society should function during the time Candide and his native page Cacambo are in Eldorado. This society believes in a Supreme Deity, but not in any mystical powers or magic. The ruler of this civilization bases his policies on rationalism, and acts as a â€Å"philosopher-ruler† rather than as a despotic monarch (Bottiglia, 1958, p. 339).Voltaire’s opinion of prayer also is exposed through the El Dorado Episode (Bottiglia, 1958, p. 339). When Candide asks the King in what manner his people pray to God, the wise king responds, â€Å"We do not pray to Him†¦we have nothing to ask of Him; He has given us all we need† (Voltaire, 1759/2011, p.59). In this model, God has provided for his people when He created the world according to natural laws, but is not a deity that actively responds to prayer. Thomas Paine echoes this quote in The Age of Reason. He questions, â€Å"â⠂¬ ¦what is the amount of all his prayers but an attempt to make the Almighty change his mind, and act otherwise than he does?† (Paine Conway, 1807/2008, p. 22). The main idea of these two writings is to essentially question the necessity of offering intercession to God. Indeed, praying to a Supreme Being seems like an irrational idea—one that would not be received well by Enlightenment thinkers. In addition, why would Deists need to pray to God? Due to Deism’s basic conception of God as the â€Å"Supreme Clockmaker of the Universe,† prayer is completely incompatible with this religion. The Founding Fathers reflect Voltaire’s stance on the importance of reason in additional ways through both their writings and their actions. Just as Voltaire rejected miracles, both through his depiction of Eldorado and in his Philosophical Dictionary, (â€Å"†¦in this sense there are no miracles (Voltaire, 1764/2012).), Thomas Jefferson produced works rejecti ng such events. His Jefferson Bible: The Life and Morals of Jesus of Nazareth can be considered an epitome of Deistic-era rationalism in that Jefferson includes all of Jesus’ parables and moral teachings, yet excludes all unnatural occurrences, including Christ’s Resurrection (Jefferson, 1895). Indeed, Jesus Christ as a philosopher was respected among Enlightenment circles, but Christianity as a religion was reviled. For instance, though he praised Jesus’ efforts to reform the irrational nature of the Jewish religion, Jefferson abhorred Paul’s epistles and other works that he considered to be â€Å"Rogueries, absurdities and untruths [that] were perpetrated upon the teachings of Jesus† (Jefferson Washington, 1854). This disdain for organized religion could very be the reason that Jefferson, among other Founding Fathers, desired a nation that separated church and state. The third and final main tenant of Deism is the affirmation of the existence of God. This is the essential element that separates Deism from other freethinking philosophies such as atheism and agnosticism (Bristow, 2011). Voltaire includes this in his works, including Candide. In fact, nowhere in the novella is the existence of God questioned. While Candide himself questions many aspects of faith and active worship of a Supreme Being, he never doubts the existence of such a Supreme Being. In various places throughout the novella, Candide and the other characters talk about God and take his existence as a given. One such example occurs when Candide is reunited with Cunegonde. Rejoiced at the meeting, Cunegonde exclaims to Candide, â€Å"I praised God for bringing you back to me after so many trials†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (Voltaire, 1759/2011, p. 27). Neither this quote, nor any other passage within Candide refutes the existence of God. Likewise, the pivotal â€Å"Eldorado Episode,† as mentioned previously, affirms God’s existence.As can be evidenced fr om Candide, the affirmation of God’s existence is crucial to the philosophy of Deism. Voltaire himself states in a letter to an anonymous atheist author that â€Å"If God did not exist, it would be necessary to invent Him† (Voltaire, 1770). Often Voltaire is identified as an atheist or an agnostic, but this is entirely false. This statement, as well as most of Voltaire’s statements in the Philosophical Dictionary, indicate that Voltaire indeed was a Deist. This is also true of the Founding Fathers. Much confusion surrounds the actual religion of the Founding Fathers, with both atheists and Fundamentalist Christians claiming ownership of them. However, as this paper contends, the Founding Fathers were Deists, as they certainly acknowledged the existence of a God.God’s existence is affirmed in numerous letters and treatises written by the Founding Fathers. Like Voltaire, the Founding Fathers never denounce the idea of a Supreme Being. In fact, the number of Founding Fathers who were Freemasons, including Washington, Franklin, Madison and Lafayette, would have to acknowledge the existence of a Supreme Being as a requisite of that institution. Franklin himself believed that Deism sufficiently fulfilled his requirements of belief in God to join the Masons (Morais, 1933, p.438-439). This explains the historic connection between the Masons and Deism. Thomas Paine also acknowledges the existence of God, while denouncing faith-based endeavors in The Age of Reason: â€Å"I would not dare to so dishonor my Creator God by attaching His name to that Book [The Bible]† (Paine, 1859). Through this statement, Paine essentially condenses the whole of Deistic thought into one sentence. He admits the existence of God, and calls Him his â€Å"Creator,† however Paine distances himself from the Bible and other Christian writings as these were seen to be irrational and perverse to God.As evidenced in this paper, Voltaire espouses the Enlighte nment-era religion of Deism in his magnum opus, Candide. The Founding Fathers, being avid readers of Enlightenment philosophers including Voltaire, were heavily influenced by these works. As such, many early American writings espouse Deistic ideals, especially the works of Thomas Paine and Thomas Jefferson. Since these two men were instrumental in the formation of the United States, Deism can very well be considered the philosophical backbone of the United States. Such â€Å"American† ideals as the triumph of reason, separation of church and state, and importance of individualism all stem from these important Deist roots. In conclusion, it is crucial that Americans remember these philosophical foundations, especially in an era that attempts to romanticize accounts of the Founding Fathers and add information to their lives that is simply not true. By acknowledging the influence of Deism in America’s ideological foundations, Americans can set forth policies and ideologie s that are truly consistent with the vision that Voltaire and the Founding Fathers believed in. â€Æ'ReferencesAdams, J., Institute of Early American History and Culture (Williamsburg, Va.). (1988). The Adams-Jefferson letters: the complete correspondence between Thomas Jefferson and Abigail and John Adams. Chapel Hill: Published for the Institute of Early American History and Culture at Williamsburg, Virginia by the University of North Carolina Press.Beuchot, M., Voltaire. (1759). Candide, ou l’Optimisme.Bottiglia, W. F. (1958). The Eldorado Episode in Candide. PMLA, 73(4), 339–347.Bristow, W. (2011, June 21). Enlightenment. In (E. N. Zalta, Ed.)Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Stanford, CA: Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University. Retrieved from http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/sum2011/entries/enlightenmentJefferson, T. (1895). The Jefferson Bible: The Life and Morals of Jesus of Nazareth. Wilder Publications.Paine, T. (1859). Theological Works. J.P MendumPaine, T., Conway, M. D. (1807/2008). The age of reason†¯: being an investigation of true and fabulous theology. Champaign, Ill.: Book Jungle.Voltaire. (1759/2011). Candide, or Optimism. New York, N.Y.: Chartwell Books.Voltaire. (1764/2012). Philosophical dictionary. Adelaide, South Australia: University of Adelaide Library. Retrieved from http://ebooks.adelaide.edu.au/v/voltaire/dictionary/Voltaire. (1770). Letter to the author of The Three Impostors. Retrieved from http://www.whitman.edu/VSA/trois.imposteurs.html#english

Criminal Activities On The Dark Web Essay - 1113 Words

A severe dilemma associated with the increasing availability of the World Wide Web is the use of the â€Å"Dark Web† as a means for criminal activities throughout the world. The â€Å"Web† consists of the Surface Web which allows access to popular sites like YouTube and Facebook, the Deep Web, which consist of private databases and libraries filtered out by common search engines like Google, and the Dark Web which is intentionally hidden for reasons of anonymity; whether for good or bad reasons. There are three main solutions that help fray criminal activities on the Dark Web: the use of specialized government agencies to regulate and police the Dark Web, the fixation of resources to combat more serious criminal activities: and conducting more research of the content and workings of the Dark Web. Further examining the need for more research of the Dark Web will help elaborate why the use of specialized government agencies and the fixation of resources on more serious cr imes should not be accepted has valid solutions. With the advancement of online anonymity tools, people world-wide can now use the Web to communicate and interact without leaving a trace of their activities or intentions. The ability to have full anonymity while using the Web has created what is call the Dark Web. The Dark Web was started originally with good intentions. For example, in the introduction section of the article â€Å"The Dark Web,† Marcia Clemmitt explains that the â€Å"Dark Web s ability to mask identitiesShow MoreRelatedThe Dark Web Is Not Accessible Without Special Browsers1709 Words   |  7 Pages The dark web, a hidden part of the internet, is unknown to most people. It has been used for many years without many people knowing. 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Health Promotion and Teaching as Tools for Nursing Essay

Laying the Foundation for a Healthier Future Health promotion and teaching are important tools for nursing. By promoting health and health teaching, nurses can help lay the foundation for a healthier future. Major Concepts and Definitions Belief–a statement of sense, declared or implied, that is intellectually and/or emotionally accepted as true by a person or group. Attitude–a relatively constant feeling, predisposition, or a set of beliefs that is directed toward an object, a person, or a situation. Value–a preference that is shared and transmitted within a community. Behavioral diagnosis–the delineation of the specific health actions that are most likely to effect a health outcome. Health†¦show more content†¦3. Benefits of actions, the client’s assessment of the potential of the health action to reduce susceptibility or severity. 4. Costs of action, the client’s estimate of financial costs, time and effort; inconvenience; and possible side effects such as pain or discomfort. 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Quality Management in Healthcare and Social Care Industry

Questions: 1. Perspectives of Royal United Hospital Bath NHS Trusts Stakeholders regarding quality?2. Standards that exist in health and social care for measuring quality?3. Evaluation of effectiveness of systems, policies and procedures used in achieving quality?4. Methods for evaluating health and social care service quality with regard to external and internal perspectives? Answers: Introduction: Effective quality management is essential for every health and social care sector in terms of providing best care to the service users. In order to improve productivity and efficiency of services they deliver the health and social care organization should focus on quality maintenance. And it has been evidenced that to improve services to users health care sector must follow proper principle, guidelines and procedures set by government or industry authorities. Though having legislation and care standards for health care industry, long term commitments, communications and facilities including all stakeholders are required. Quality standards are set for health and social care and purpose behind it is to increase quality of the sector which providing care to the community throughout responsibility. In light of all these facts this report is made up on Royal United Hospital Bath NHS Trusts to assess its quality standards and principles, discuss the perspective of stakeholders working there and will evaluate different approaches for the particular health care to implement quality standard. This report will explain the systems, policies and actions the hospital can take to tackle the determined shortfalls. 1 Perspectives of Royal United Hospital Bath NHS Trusts Stakeholders regarding quality Every stakeholder associated with the health and social care services has their own opinion and perspective about the quality provided and standard maintained by the health care home. Any service which offer satisfaction to stakeholder means quality for them. Service users perspectives of quality is depend upon their way of thinking, their values and experience they got from particular health care. For patients measurement of quality is about the treatment they get, responsiveness of hospital staff, how their dignity be respected, confidentiality and safety. If hospital fulfill all these measures then perspective of patient about hospital quality standard is good. In the case of Royal United Hospital it had been seen that patient safety indicators decreased. Patients had to wait more for surgery and elective surgical procedures were also being cancelled (ARAH, WESTERT, HURST KLAZINGA, 2006). Such incidents tend to create negative perspective of service users. Another instance we can take which shows that the Royal Hospital have not been able to met personal needs of service users. Lack of facilities like shortage of beds and availability of staff create discomfort among service users. Other stakeholder is health care professionals include senior nurses and doctors. According to them quality is the outcomes of services users and result of care taken by them, positive result of their treatment. There perspective about quality is adopting adequate skills to provide proper care and treatment, taking right decisions for their patients, availability of instrument and all media of treatment in hospital define high quality (BALDOCK, 1997). The way and ability to conduct their duties to promote quality of services depend on commitment and effort of healthcare professionals. Case study of Royal United Hospital shows that Health professionals did not understand much about record systems importance which promotes quality of service. Senior nurses and some doctors are not serious about implementation of policies and procedures which essential to fulfill service users needs. Another stakeholder is Care Quality Commission (CQC) whose perspective is very important regarding to the hospital. CQCs view of looking towards hospital issues can make difference is obtaining quality of care, because they have the responsibility monitoring GP surgeries, hospital facilities and all practices conducted by hospital (BAMFORD, QURESHI, NICHOLAS, VERNON, 1999). They need to ensure about safety, effectiveness, and availability of services and care with high quality (The Royal United Hospital page 29). Royal United Hospital Bath NHS Trusts CQC perspective initiates measures through putting service users on the centre of care; they were in the favor of promoting independence and equality. Always try to improve performance of hospital to achieve standard. Inspection and regulation of hospital helps to maintain quality is the opinion of CQC which is stated in the given case. CQC also understands the need of updating standard continuously to meet needs and satisfaction of service users at NHS trust. 1.1 Analysis of external agencies role in setting standard: External agencies plays important role in order to provide good quality of services and setting standard of care for health sector. Plenty of external agencies work for it such as National institute for clinical excellence, Care Quality Commission, Health Service Commissioners and local authorities. Role of each agency is important in setting standards and achieving quality outcome for health and social care sector. National Institute for Clinical Excellence: This independent organization provides guidance in terms of promoting good health which prevent and treat ill health. In Royal United Nursing home professionals reassured before giving prescriptions to the service users having problem of anxiety and panic attacks and require regular sedatives for sleeping. For this case if required professionals also ask review and advice of government practitioner. Service providers and professionals take training of National Institute of Clinical Excellence guidelines for treating different medical conditions. As compare to CQC NICE guidance mostly used to assure about quality of services and NICE also make sure that value for money are maintained. Care Quality Commission: The care provided by local authorities, NHS, private companies and voluntary organization are regulated by CQC. They always aim to provide quality and better health care to each service user. In Royal United Hospital CQC makes minimum three inspections yearly on the measure of cleanliness, care quality and so on. CQC has the power to take action on the behalf of service user if the care and quality provided by health care is not acceptable. CQC perspective initiates measures through putting service users on the centre of care; they were in the favour of promoting independence and equality. Always try to improve performance of their hospital to achieve standard. 1.2 Impact of poor service quality on Royal United Hospital Bath NHS Trusts stakeholders: If health care sector not providing sufficient and effective service quality it leaves negative impact on its stakeholders. Stakeholder temperament seems to be changed in some cases due to the poor quality of services provided by health care. Service users complaining about getting poor service continuously and more over that no one is taking accountability that means change should be needed. Solution over it is every service user should get consultant in charge for the sake of services they are receiving. In order to maintain stability in stakeholders perspective quality measuring is required in hospital industry. Every stakeholder has their opinion about quality standard which no one can change, but coordination and same indicator of quality among stakeholder is essential. The case study about Royal United Hospital shows that lack of coordination and lack of similar opinion is main among stakeholders is main reason of poor quality services (BENZEVAL, JUDGE, 2001). Level of poor quality will be reduced with the help of monitoring and measuring quality because health care service very is complex. For instance take an example from case study which determine that service users affected due to the poor quality of care, as the record shows dehydration complaint is found in many patients due to lack of fluid intake (The Royal United Hospital CQC report 2013). 2 Standards that exist in health and social care for measuring quality: Standard is level of quality against which performance of health care can be measured. Having standard is essential and requires ensuring and measuring safe and effective practice. It designed in order to encourage and support a better practice environment in health care. Due to implementing standard individual would be able to receive right care within health and social care. Person-centered approach can be facilitated through quality standards. Due to implementing specific standards in health care sector error will be reduced and quality will be increased (Department of Health, Social Services and Public Safety 2006). Care Quality Commission introduces many quality and safety standards and record keeping is one of them. Record keeping standard ensures that patients do not get unsafe and incorrect treatment and care standard in any manner (Care Quality Commission, 2010). In record keeping it is initiated that patients treatment, medical condition and other important information related to care should be recorded by service provider on regular basis. The maintained records have been assessable whenever it will be required. Service users experience and trust improve due to keeping such relevant record. Level of health professionals practice can raised. As far as our case concern it is found that record keeping system did not implemented by the RUH bath and hence the fail to meet CQC standard of record keeping. Though RUH Bath maintained some records but when CQC requested to look those records they were not easily assessed (The Royal United Hospital CQC report 2013). Another standard incorporated by CQC to maintain high quality of care is respecting dignity and rights of individuals (Care Quality Commission, 2014). It is important to increase satisfaction level of service users and their experience that their dignity should be maintained. Dignity is related with individuals feeling and behaviour. But contrast is experienced in RUH Bath as per the case study which evidenced that some of the times patients dignity was not respected. Safeguarding people who use services from abuse is also the essential standard quality and safety of CQC. It simply required that people should be protected from abuse and staff should respect their human rights. 2.1 Evaluation of different approaches to implementing quality systems: In above section the important of providing quality care to the service users is discussed. Now it is also essential to understand and evaluate the approaches that are very crucial for implementation of quality system. The quality management systems are important and focused towards patients satisfaction and derive value for their money. First quality management system we discuss here is Total Quality Management (TQM) system. The application of quality management processes throughout the organization. This includes working on problems and strengthening areas that cross departmental lines. This quality management system is person focused and it aims to increase satisfaction and care standard of service users and provide value for their money. Another quality system is benchmarking which work on compare and implement basis. It is required to compare your organization quality and care with other competitive organization. Through this comparison best and different trends are discovered and projected into our organization practices. It will help to improve and meet the expectation of people working in and getting served through the organization. It adopt the process which compares current data of the health care organization with its old records and compare the performance which helps to determine difference between current and past performance. The variation determined alert the manager to implement changes. Approaches to implement quality system: Policies and procedures: These are outlines in various government document and these guidelines can also set things informed through regulations. Different policies and procedures are implemented for different situations in health care such as in accidental case hospital first file a report of resident accident, after that their family members are being informed about accident (BOYNE, 2002). The patient is treated and then precautions are put to avoid future consequences. Policy of infection control helps to prevent spread of infection within health care. All the protective measures have to be followed while handling the infectious wastes and treated residents. Resources: Adequate and efficient amount of staff help to provide highest quality of services and most importantly services are provided on time and quality of those services maintained. If hospital have appropriate resources then total quality management will be easy to manage. Benefits of applying resources: Due to applying policies and procedures hospital cannot have to face any legal consequences. If procedures are followed properly it will create positive image of the hospital obeying the policies like infection control will help to prevent people from infection and maintain quality standard of hospital Availability of proper resources helps to serve the service users on time and hence people would not have to wait longer for getting treated. Availability of proper equipment and machines and tools will help to treat any kind of disease without wasting time. Consequences: Lack of adequate resources and late in treatment lead to dissatisfaction of service users because they are unable to get adequate services as well as service provider are over worked so that they unable to do anything Best Approach for RUH is increasing the resources. Because it is found at various situation that patients had to wait more for surgery and elective surgical procedures were also being cancelled. Such incidents tend to create negative perspective of service users. Another instance we can take which shows that the Royal Hospital have not been able to met personal needs of service users. Lack of facilities like shortage of beds and availability of staff create discomfort among service users. 2.2 Analysis of RUHs potential barriers in delivering quality health and social care services: External barrier: Barrier created due to external factors in front of the RUH prevent the hospital from achieving quality standards and are given as below: Legislation: In certain cases it is found that RUH has to face certain legal issue. This type of controversies effect on hospitals image and quality of care was affected. Warning notice from the CQC standard had also been issued after the inspection of their team. Social policy: In terms of ensuring the experience of service user at the highest quality level, safety has to be promoted and value for money in place of health is required. In lack of social setting staff do not able to empower with the right skills and training in quality improvement and measuring techniques. Internal barrier: Interaction between people: Having right staff and correct attitude towards quality is basic criteria for maintaining good practice in healthcare. But it is not being practices in RUH identified in case study. This attitude and less interaction create potential barrier in front of hospital. Organizational structure: RUH need to make changes in structure of its organization in order to gain quality standard. Value, ethics and believes of staff should be improves and for this proper training is required to be arranged. Impact of the barriers are quite obvious, as staff does not feel motivated and satisfied while working in the hospital and providing services to the patients. As it is known less satisfied and motivated staff cannot be committed towards their organization which will impact through their services provided. If service user get less quality service they got dissatisfied and such dissatisfaction chain lead RUH towards less quality and service provider organizations category. 3 Evaluation of effectiveness of systems, policies and procedures used in achieving quality: The first policy RUH used as specified in case scenario was safe wandering policy. This has implemented occur need of attaching bracelets to the wrists of some people with dementia and had at the risk of wandering off the ward. These would only be attached on the recommendation of the consultant for the ward. Another policy identified is trust policy. This policy had been detailed that when and how the bracelets could be used. It was also emphasized that Deprivation of Liberty Safeguards had to follow (CHALLIS, CLARKSON WARBURTON, 2006). Different procedures are implemented for different situations in health care such as in accidental case hospital first file a report of resident accident, after that their family members are being informed about accident. The patient is treated and then precautions are put to avoid future consequences. The escalation procedures are used in RUH in order to manage the waiting times. It is being told by senior staff and surgical outpatients that if due to new referrals impact on appointment waiting time had been occurring then it is the right of service user to notify it to lead consultant who should provide other doctor or additional clinics to complete the service. The quality systems identified in scenario was Total Quality Management (TQM) system. The application of quality management processes throughout the organization. This includes working on problems and strengthening areas that cross departmental lines. This quality management system is person focused and it aims to increase satisfaction and care standard of service users and provide value for their money. Benchmarking work is to compare and implement facts. It is required to compare your organization quality and care with other competitive organization. Through this comparison best and different trends are discovered and projected into our organization practices. It will help to improve and meet the expectation of people working in and getting served through the organization. It adopt the process which compares current data of the health care organization with its old records and compare the performance which helps to determine difference between current and past performance (DAVIES CHALLIS, 1986). The variation determined alert the manager to implement changes. 3.1 Analysis of factor influencing the achievement of quality in RUH: In order to get success in any work it is important to have any support along with the hard work. The same thing goes correct about RUH there are various factor which influence the health care organization to achieve quality of services and getting positive feedback from service user. Funding: In order to perform service, provide facility and having sufficient resource it is important to have sufficient funding. This is the factor which goes correct for RUH that they got proper funding the trust received 2.35 million of NHS funding which promote it towards improvement of services. This was increased trust confidence and it leads significant change effectively. The funding had been used by RUH to support the innovative changes and new ideas would help to improve the quality. User of service expectation: When someone expect from you more you automatically starts to improve yourself in order to meet their expectation. Same thing happen with RUH, it got large amount of funding which means people want to see them working more quality work and serve people with excellence. This pressure automatically leads the hospital towards improvisation in its working practices and its service providers working with more discipline. Media: when patients dissatisfaction graph goes high and patient started complaining about the services and quality of facilities provided by RUH media builds pressure on the hospital. The pressure of media and media reports lead the hospital to improve its quality of services. 3.2 Suggest ways in which the health and social care service could improve its quality: Improving quality required find out problem first and the as per the case scenario RUH having some problems. In some occasion it is found that patients had not been treated with respect by service providers. Their dignity had not been maintained and staff need more training to maintain safety while treating children and in serious situation. According to the CQCs view of looking towards hospital issues can make difference is obtaining quality of care, because they have the responsibility monitoring GP surgeries, hospital facilities and all practices conducted by hospital. They need to ensure about safety, effectiveness, and availability of services and care with high quality (The Royal United Hospital page 29). Service users perspectives of quality is depend upon their way of thinking, their values and experience they got from particular health care. For patients measurement of quality is about the treatment they get, responsiveness of hospital staff, how their dignity be respected, confidentiality and safety. If hospital fulfill all these measures then perspective of patient about hospital quality standard is good. In the case of Royal United Hospital it had been seen that patient safety indicators decreased. Patients had to wait more for surgery and elective surgical procedures were also being cancelled. Such incidents tend to create negative perspective of service users. Another instance we can take which shows that the Royal Hospital have not been able to met personal needs of service users. Lack of facilities like shortage of beds and availability of staff create discomfort among service users. Hence quality improvement needs effectiveness, safety, and efficiency of services. 4 Methods for evaluating health and social care service quality with regard to external and internal perspectives: In order to evaluate effectiveness of quality of service use of surveys and questionnaires is important. Due to questionnaires uses it perspective of different people from service users to service providers and commission is get clear and hence survey and questionnaires are used. From the survey it is observed that service users perspectives of quality is depend upon their way of thinking, their values and experience they got from particular health care. For patients measurement of quality is about the treatment they get, responsiveness of hospital staff, how their dignity be respected, confidentiality and safety. If hospital fulfill all these measures then perspective of patient about hospital quality standard is good. In the case of Royal United Hospital it had been seen that patient safety indicators decreased. Patients had to wait more for surgery and elective surgical procedures were also being cancelled. Such incidents tend to create negative perspective of service users. Another instance we can take which shows that the Royal Hospital have not been able to met personal needs of service users. Lack of facilities like shortage of beds and availability of staff create discomfort among service users. Hence quality improvement needs effectiveness, safety, a nd efficiency of services. Questionnaire help to provide area of improvement, measure level of satisfaction and motivation and also provide information about expectations. This will also be used by hospital authorities in order to reduce errors in hospital facilities and operating systems. There are advantages and disadvantages of using surveys and questioners. Some of advantages involve real word observation of the service, involvement of many people who can offer huge amount of information and different points of view, and an opportunity to produce a huge amount of data at small format. As disadvantages could be consider lack of details information, lack of respond, and validity of information produce (Kelley, K. et al 2003). 4.1 Impact that involving users of services in the Evaluation process has on service quality: Today patients are involved in all the aspects of design and delivery and hence their response and advice would be valuable for hospitals. Royal United Hospital Bath NHS Trusts CQC perspective initiates measures through putting service users on the centre of care; they were in the favor of promoting independence and equality. Always try to improve performance of hospital to achieve standard. Inspection and regulation of hospital helps to maintain quality is the opinion of CQC which is stated in the given case. CQC also understands the need of updating standard continuously to meet needs and satisfaction of service users at NHS trust. There perspective about quality is adopting adequate skills to provide proper care and treatment, taking right decisions for their patients, availability of instrument and all media of treatment in hospital define high quality DAVIES, B., FERNNDEZ, J. L. NOMER, B. (2000b). The way and ability to conduct their duties to promote quality of services depend on commitment and effort of healthcare professionals. Case study of Royal United Hospital shows that Health professionals did not understand much about record systems importance which promotes quality of service. Senior nurses and some doctors are not serious about implementation of policies and procedures which essential to fulfill service users needs. Conclusion: For improving productivity and efficiency of quality and services provided by the health care sector it is important to maintain quality standard. It is concluded through the report that different stakeholders have their different opinion and hence hospital should respect and use their perspective to improve quality of services. And it has been evidenced that to improve services to users health care sector must follow proper principle, guidelines and procedures set by government or industry authorities. Though having legislation and care standards for health care industry, long term commitments, communications and facilities including all stakeholders are required. Reference List: Academy of Medical Royal College (2010). 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